Odontologia desportiva ­ proposta de um protocolo de atenção à saúde bucal do atleta / Sports Dentistry ­ proposal of a dental health attention protocol for athlete's

A consulta ao cirurgião dentista deve fazer parte do protocolo inicial e periódico de atenção à saúde para prática esportiva. Inicialmente, a Odontologia privilegiava o atleta através do uso do protetor bucal, principalmente em esportes de contato físico com o adversário para prevenir traumatismos. Atualmente, a atenção deve ser mais ampla para promover a saúde, aumentar o rendimento físico do atleta e não somente prevenir traumatismos. Propõe-se aqui, baseado em uma revisão de literatura, um protocolo de atenção à saúde bucal do atleta em um ciclo de quatro fases. Na primeira, a eliminação de focos infecciosos, na segunda, o tratamento ortodôntico conjugado ao da respiração bucal. A terceira fase contempla a reabilitação bucal e, na última, indica-se a manutenção e o controle do padrão de saúde bucal alcançado por meio de educação em saúde bucal e atenção preventiva. Não se deve olvidar que a atenção à saúde do esportista deve ser observada de forma multidisciplinar e a Odontologia deve fazer parte desta atuação em saúde (AU).

Dentistry consultation must be part of the initial and periodical health care protocol for sports practice. First, Dentistry used to privilege the athlete through the use of mouth guard, mainly in contact sports with the aim to prevent trauma. Nowadays, the attention must be broader to promote health, to increase athlete's physical performance and not only to prevent trauma. It is proposed here, based on literature review, an oral health care protocol for the athlete into a four-phase cycle. In the first one, there is elimination of infectious, in the second oral breathing and malocclusion treatments are indicated. In the third phase oral rehabilitation treatment and in the last one, maintenance and control of oral health standard achieved will be performed through oral education and preventive care. It should not be forgotten that the athlete's health care must be observed in a multidisciplinary way and Dentistry must be part of it (AU).

Prevalence of Elongated Styloid Process in a Central Brazilian Population.

BACKGROUND: Eagle's syndrome comprises a rare disorder caused by compression of an elongated or deformed styloid process or ossified/calcified stylohyoid ligament on neural and vascular structures. It is characterized by facial and neck pain and can be confused with a wide variety of facial neuralgias, oral and dental diseases and temporomandibular disorders. An imaging evaluation associated with a careful clinical examination, are mandatory in structuring a correct differential diagnosis and in the establishment of a proper therapeutic protocol. AIM: To investigate the prevalence of the elongated styloid process in a Central Brazilian population and its relation to gender, age and side. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digital panoramic radiographs of 736 patients (412 female and 324 male, with a mean age of 35.03 years) were consecutively selected from a private radiology clinic's secondary database. The apparent length of the styloid process was measured from the point where the styloid left the tympanic plate to the tip of the process by two specialists in dental radiology, with the help of the measuring tools on the accompanying software. Styloid process measuring more than 30 mm was considered elongated. The statistical analysis included frequency distribution and cross tabulation. The data were analysed by using Chi-squared tests. The level of significance was set at 5% for all analyses. RESULTS: A total of 323 (43.89%) radiographic images were suggestive of elongated styloid process. No statistically significant difference was found between the genders, although a higher prevalence was noticed in female participants. Approximately, 31% of the elongated styloid process was observed in 18-53-year-old participants (p < 0.05). Two hundred and sixty seven styloid processes (36.28%) were elongated on both right and left sides. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of elongated styloid process was high and no statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of elongated styloid process and the studied variables with the exception of the age.

Occurrence of periodontal pathogens in ethnic groups from a native Brazilian reservation.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of 100 native Brazilians living at the Umutina Indian Reservation, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. METHODS: Periodontal clinical examinations were carried out prior to collection of subgingival biofilm, and the presence of 14 periodontal microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence and risk analysis was performed using Cochran and Mantel-Haenszel statistics for dichotomous variables or Pearson's chi-squared test for analysis of proportions when variables had three or more categories. The interrelations between clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed using Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Individuals with chronic periodontitis were frequently colonized by the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus, P. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, or P. gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. Patients with chronic periodontitis were also colonized by Porphyromonas gulae and P. intermedia or by the association between P. gulae and T. forsythia. P. gulae was detected only in the subgingival samples from natives on a traditional diet. Gingival bleeding was associated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, P. gulae, Porphyromonas endodontalis, P. intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens. Treponema denticola was uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: Peculiar microbiota was demonstrated to be associated with different periodontal disease statuses in native Brazilians, with modest occurrence of certain pathogens, such as T. denticola, and the presence of P. gulae in natives with gingivitis or chronic periodontitis.

Tecidual reaction of calcium hydroxide front chronic stress histological study in rats.

BACKGROUND: The Calcium Hydroxide has been widely used as an intracanal dressing and in combination with restorative and endodontic materials and its main goal is the tissue reparation. However, when the patient has chronic stress, the immunological response and tissue repair decreases in both the epithelial and connective tissue. Therefore, the aim was to analyze the effect of chronic stress on the tissue response in rats exposed to calcium hydroxide (CH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 wistar rats were anesthetized, and a polyethylene tube containing CH was inserted under the skin. After 24 h, they were divided into two groups: Calcium hydroxide + stress (CHSG) n = 30 and calcium hydroxide (CHG) n = 30. They were stressed by physical restraint, for 12 h each day for periods of 7, 15 and 30 days when 10 animals from each group were euthanized. The tissues surrounding the polyethylene tubes were removed, and slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The analysis was performed with an optical microscope with magnification of 4-400 times by a blinded senior examiner. The sample slides were classified according to the following scores 0 - absent/1 - present/2 - infiltrate to: Inflammatory infiltrate containing fibrous condensation, lymphocytes, plasmacytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils. The data were statistically analyzed using the Student's t-test (P < 0.05) for paired samples. RESULTS: The exposure time of 7 days elicited no statistical difference between groups (P > 0.05). The 15 days exposure group had higher averages for CHG to eosinophils and inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.05). In 30 days, CHG showed higher averages to inflammatory infiltrate and lower averages to FC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Some modified patterns of responses in the CHSG were observed at 15 days and 30 days.

Asma: Idade de Surgimento Pode ser um Fator para o Aumento da Prevalência / Asthma: Age of Onset May be a Factor for the Increased Prevalence

A asma é uma das doenças crônicas mais comuns na população infantil e o aumento da sua prevalência tem se tornado foco de muitas pesquisas epidemiológicas. Nas últimas décadas, observou-se aumento de aproximadamente 50% em sua prevalência, com índices diferentes entre os continentes. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi fazer uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito da prevalência e idade de surgimento da asma. A presente revisão faz uma abordagem sobre a prevalência, idade de surgimento e fatores de risco em crianças com asma. Foram consultados artigos científicos indexados nas Bases de Dados Scientific Electronic Library Online - SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS, e PubMed, utilizando como descritores: asma, surgimento da asma, fatores de risco para asma. Os critérios de elegibilidade foram estudos que apresentassem dados referentes à prevalência da asma, idade de surgimento e fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento, preconizados entre os anos de 1990 até os mais atuais de 2014. As manifestações clínicas surgem, geralmente, na população infantil abaixo de 5 anos de vida, portanto maior atenção individualizada pelos profissionais de saúde deve ser dada às crianças com prováveis diagnósticos de asma, a fim de se propor condutas e estabelecer prognósticos.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among child population; the increase in its prevalence has become the focus of much epidemiologic research. In recent decades, it was observed an increase of approximately 50% in its prevalence, with different indices among the continents. In this way, the object of our study was making a bibliographic review about the prevalence and the age of onset. This review takes a relevant approach about the prevalence, the age of onset and the risk factors in children with asthma. The research was conducted through a bibliographic review on scientific articles in databases Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO, Latin-american and Caribbean Health Sciences - LILACS and PubMed, using as descriptors: asthma, asthma onset, asthma risk factors. The eligibility criteria were studies presenting data relating to asthma prevalence, age of onset, and risk factors, preconized from 1990 to 2014. Clinical manifestations appear usually in the child population under 5 years old, thus, more individualized attention by healthcare professionals must be given to children with probable diagnosis of asthma in order to propose conducts and establish prognostics.

Planejamento Ortodôntico para Pacientes Portadores de Fissuras Labiopalatinas: Revisão de Literatura / Orthodontic Treatment for Patients with Cleft Lip and palate: Literature Review

As fissuras labiopalatinas são defeitos congênitos de origem multifatorial que comprometem a integridade do lábio e/ou palato, determinando alterações funcionais e estéticas. Representam a anomalia mais frequente do complexo craniofacial. Os portadores destas anomalias apresentam maloclusões características, em consequência da atresia dos arcos dentários, principalmente do arco superior, déficit de crescimento do terço médio da face, problemas dentários de anomalias de forma, número e de posição. Os dentes próximos às fissuras podem se apresentar rotacionados, com as coroas inclinadas em direção à fenda e os ápices em direção oposta. Devido à presença de desordens oclusais inerentes à fissura lábio palatina, o tratamento ortodôntico requer protocolo específico para restauração da função e estética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o planejamento ortodôntico, visando o tratamento multidisciplinar de indivíduos com fissura lábiopalatina. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da revisão bibliográfica, sendo consultados artigos científicos localizados nas bases de dados de Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), e PubMed, utilizando como descritores: ?Fenda labial?, ?fissura palatina?, ?ortodontia?, ?má oclusão? no período de 2000 a 2012. Os dados mostram que o tratamento multidisciplinar é fundamental para resolver as necessidades estéticas e funcionais do sistema estomatognático e integrar o paciente na sociedade.

The cleft lip and cleft palate are multifactorial birth defects that compromise the integrity of the lip and / or the palate, determining functional, aesthetic and psychic changes, featuring among the most frequent anomalies of the craniofacial complex. Individuals with cleft lip and palate present malocclusion characteristics due to the atresia of the dental arches, especially in the upper arch, growth deficit in the mid face, dental problems due to anomalies of shape, number and position. The teeth next to the cracks may appear rotated, with crowns tilted toward the summits and rift in the opposite direction. Given the presence of occlusal disorders inherent to the presence of cleft lip and palate, the orthodontic treatment in such patients requires a specific protocol for function and aesthetics restoration. The objective of this paper was to describe the orthodontic planning for the multidisciplinary treatment of individuals with cleft lip and palate. This research was based on the literature review of scientific papers published in journals of Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and PubMed, using as keywords: ?cleft lip?, ?cleft palate?, ?orthodontics?, ?malocclusion? in the 2000 - 2012 period. The results showed that the multidisciplinary care is crucial for solving the aesthetic and functional needs of the stomatognathic system and integrate the patient into the society.

Unusual dermoid cyst in oral cavity.

Dermoid cysts in oral cavity are unusual lesions. Their etiology is not yet clear and can be associated with trapped cells as a result of the inclusion error resulting in the development into the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm tissues. The aim of this case report is to evidence the presence of a dermoid cyst in the floor of mouth surgically removed. In the present case, the lesion showed soft consistency, floating, regular borders, smooth surface, and the same color as the adjacent mucosa, asymptomatic and measuring 4.5 × 5.5 cm in its greatest diameter. The initial diagnostic was ranula in consequence of the similarity with clinical characteristics and localization. After surgical removal lesion, a fibrotic capsule was identified with a friable material with intensive yellow color. The microscopic exam showed cystic lesion with cavity lined by squamous stratified epithelium hyperorthokeratinized. Cutaneous attachments, such as sebaceous glands and hair follicles, were present in connective adjacent tissue. Surgical intervention is elective in these situations. All dentists must have a thorough knowledge of this unusual lesion.

Avaliação da Funcionalidade Motora em Pacientes com Tempo Prolongado de Internação Hospitalar / Evaluation of Motor Functionality in Patients with Prolonged Time of Hospitalization

O prolongado tempo de internação hospitalar, posicionamento inadequado e falta de mobilização predispõe a modificações morfológicas dos músculos e tecidos conjuntivos. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a funcionalidade motora em pacientes com tempo prolongado de internação hospitalar. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, em pacientes com tempo prolongado de internação hospitalar nas Enfermarias do Hospital Geral Universitário de Cuiabá, maiores de 18 anos, sendo excluídos os pacientes com sequela de acidente vascular encefálico, internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva - UTI e com distúrbio cognitivo. Foi registrado o tempo de internação hospitalar e de avaliação da funcionalidade motora através dos testes: Equilíbrio de Berg, Shober, Inclinação lateral e Timed Up and Go (TUG). Participaram do estudo 30 pacientes do sexo feminino e masculino, com idade média de 53,3±17,80 anos; e tempo de internação com média de 14,0±9 dias. O teste de equilíbrio de Berg apresentou valor médio de 45,7±6,8, o teste de Shober e de inclinação lateral direita e esquerda apresentaram respectivamente, média de 15,9±2,2 cm, 50,8±7,9 cm e 52,2±11,1 cm; o equilíbrio de Berg comparado com tempo de internação mostrou uma diferença, porém sem significância estatística (p = 0,79); o teste de TUG comparado ao tempo de internação mostrou que os pacientes com 14,3±10 dias de internação realizaram o teste em menos de 20 segundos e os com média de 13,5±7,78 dias completaram com 30 segundos ou mais. Pacientes com tempo de internação prolongado, maior que sete dias, hospitalizados em enfermarias, não apresentam alteração de equilíbrio, coordenação motora e de independência funcional.

The prolonged hospital stay, improper positioning, and lack of mobilization predisposes the morphological changes of the muscles and connective tissues. The objective of the present study was to assess motor function in patients with prolonged hospitalization. We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients aged over 18 years, with prolonged hospitalization wards in the Hospital Geral Universitário in Cuiabá. We excluded patients with sequelae of stroke, ICU and cognitive impairment. The time of hospitalization and evaluation of motor functionality was registered according to the following tests: Berg Balance, Shober, lateral tilt and TUG. The study included 30 patients, female and male, with mean age of 53.3 ± 17.80 years, and average hospital stay of 14.0 ± 9 days. The Berg Balance test averaged 45.7 ± 6.8, Shober test and lateral right and left showed respectively a mean of 15.9 ± 2.2 cm, 50.8 ± 7.9 cm and 52.2 ± 11.1 cm. No significant difference was observed for the Berg balance as compared with length of stay (p = 0.79). When comparing the TUG test to the stay, patients with 14.3 ± 10 days hospital performed the test in less than 20 seconds, while patients with 13.5 ± 7.78 days completed the test within 30 seconds or more. Patients with prolonged hospitalization time, longer than seven days in hospital wards show no change in balance, motor coordination and functional independence.

Odontologia desportiva: proposta de um protocolo de atenção à saúde bucal do atleta / Sports dentistry: proposal of a dental health attention protocol for athlets

A consulta ao cirurgião-dentista deve fazer parte do protocolo inicial e periódico de atenção à saúde para prática esportiva. Inicialmente, a odontologia privilegiava o atleta através do uso do protetor bucal, principalmente em esportes de contato físico com o adversário para prevenir traumatismos. Atualmente, a atenção deve ser mais ampla para promover a saúde, aumentar o rendimento físico do atleta e não somente prevenir traumatismos. Propõe-se aqui, baseado em uma revisão de literatura, um protocolo de atenção à saúde bucal do atleta em um ciclo de quatro fases. Na primeira, a eliminação de focos infecciosos, na segunda, o tratamento ortodôntico conjugado ao da respiração bucal. A terceira fase contempla a reabilitação bucal e na última indica-se a manutenção e o controle do padrão de saúde bucal alcançado por meio de educação em saúde bucal e atenção preventiva. Não se deve olvidar que a atenção à saúde do esportista deve ser observada de forma multidisciplinar e a odontologia deve fazer parte desta atuação em saúde.

The dentistry practice must be part of a protocol in the beginning and periodically of the health attention before and during sports practice. First of all, the dentist used to privilege the athlete only with custom-made mouthguard, mainly in contact sports with the aim of prevention of trauma. Now a day, this attention must be higher to promote health, get the athletic rates to the limit and not only prevent trauma. A proposal has been given here, based in a literature review, as a protocol of oral health attention into a cycle of four moments. Firstly, the elimination of infectious sites must be done. Secondly, oral breathing and malocclusion treatment is indicated. In the third moment, oral rehabilitation treatment and in the last, maintenance and control of oral health reached will be done through oral education and preventive dentistry. Sports health attention is a multidisciplinary area and dentistry is a part of it.

Animal bite injuries to the face : A Case Report.

Traumatic lacerations to the skin are problems frequently seen and treated by emergency centers around the world. Among all wounds, dog and cat bites are commonly seen. As in many mammals, different species of microorganisms are found in dog and cat mouths with a potential pathological effect to humans, as represented by rabies. The injuries have disfiguration effect with possible psychological repercussion to the patient. This article aimed presenting up to date considerations regarding the management of animal bite injuries to the face, exemplified by a case report that should be the interest of all professions that deal with facial tissues, as dentists do. How to cite this article: Simao NR, Borba AM, da Silva ALF, Vieira EMM, Carvalhosa AA, Bandeca MC, Borges AH. Animal bite injuries to the face: A Case Report. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):68-72.

Reconstituição estética do espaço negro gengival baseada em terapêutica multidisciplinar: relato de caso / Aesthetic reconstruction of gingival black space based on multidisciplinary therapeutic: case report

O espaço negro gengival é caracterizado por um espaço triangular na região cervical entre os incisivos, acarretando importante comprometimento estético e funcional ao indivíduo. O presente relato de caso tem por objetivo descrever o sucesso clínico do tratamento multidisciplinar de espaço negro gengival localizado entre os dentes 21 e 22 de paciente do gênero feminino, 30 anos de idade. O tracionamento ortodôntico lento foi significativo para a resolutividade deste caso, devendo sempre ser considerado para a recuperação das distâncias biológicas e manutenção da saúde periodontal do paciente.

The gingival black space problem is characterized by a triangular space in the cervical region between the upper incisors that causes aesthetic and functional implication. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical success of a multi-disciplinary treatment of gingival black space located between the teeth 21 and 22 in a female patient aged 30. It was observed that the orthodontic slow traction was significant to solve this case, therefore, it should always be considered for recovery of biological distances and maintenance of the periodontal health of patients.

Evaluation of oral health in a community of native Brazilians of the Umutina Reservation, Mato Grosso State / Evaluación de la salud oral en una comunidad de Brasileños nativos de la Reserva Umutina, Estado de Mato Grosso

The occurrence of diseases and variations from normality is very common in the maxillofacial complex,and this phenomenon is closely associated to peculiar genetic determinants and influenced by genetic isolation. Studies on the distribution of oral diseases and variations from normality in South American natives are generally directed mainly to thestudy of dental caries in the children and periodontal diseases in the adults, disregarding a wide range of other oral diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of lesions and anatomical variations from normality in eight ethnic groups living in the Umutina Indian Reservation, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, through physical and oral examinations besides cytological evaluation and assessment of diet and habits, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. A total of 291 Indians, of both genders, with ages ranging from 1 to 96 years, were examined, being identified 132 variations from normality,evidencing a high occurrence of ankyloglossia, which was present in 108 cases (37.1 percent), followed by benign migratory glossitis in 5 cases (1.7 percent); mandibular torus and candidiasis in 3 cases (1.0 percent). No malignant lesion was identified in thepopulation.

La ocurrencia de enfermedades y variaciones de normalidad son muy comunes en el complejo maxilofacial. Este fenómeno se asocia estrechamente a determinantes genéticos peculiares y son influenciados a través del aislamiento genético. Estudios sobre la distribución de enfermedad oral y variaciones de la normalidad en nativos Sudamericanos son generalmente dirigidos al estudio de la caries dental en niños y enfermedad periodontal en adultos, dejando de lado una amplia gama de otras enfermedades orales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la distribución de lesiones y las variaciones anatómicas de normalidad en ocho grupos étnicos indígenas pertenecientes a la reserva Umutina, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, a través del examen físico y oral, además de la evaluación citológica y valoración de dieta y hábitos como tabaco y consumo de alcohol. Un total de 291 indígenas de ambos sexos, con edades que van de 1 a 96 años fueron examinados, identificándose 132 variaciones de normalidad, evidenciando una alta ocurrencia de anquiloglosia, la cual se presentó en 108 casos (37,1 por ciento), seguido por glositis migratoria benigna en 5 casos (1,7 por ciento); torus mandibular y candidiasis en 3 casos (1,0 por ciento). Ninguna lesión maligna se identificó en la población.

Frequência de anquiloglossia em uma comunidade indígena brasileira / Frequency of ankyloglossia in a community of native Brazilians

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de anquiloglossia na comunidade indígena Umutina, no município de Barra do Bugres (MT), em diversas faixas etárias. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída de 291 índios que se submeteram ao exame clínico. Resultados: A anquiloglossia foi observada em 108 (37,11%) índios. O sexo masculino apresentou maior prevalência, sendo 57 casos (43,8%), enquanto o sexo feminino apresentou 51(31,7%) dos casos. A distribuição da faixa etária foi feita após análise de agrupamento hierárquico, distribuídas em três grupos: 1-20 anos, 21-45 anos e 46-99 anos. Sendo que a anquiloglossia apresentou maior prevalência na faixa etária de 1- 20 anos, com 65 casos (40,6%). Conclusão: Verificou-se que, apesar da anquiloglossia se apresentar nas etnias da reserva indígena Umutina com frequência elevada, a mesma não parece ser responsável por alterações associadas à fonação, mastigação, presença de diastema e problemas periodontais, uma vez que essas alterações foram observadas em baixa frequência e não foram motivos de queixas da população.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ankyloglossia in people of different age groups living in the native Brazilian community of Umutina, in the municipality of Barra do Bugres/ Mato Grosso. Methods: The sample consisted of 291 native Brazilians who underwent clinical examination. Results: Ankyloglossia was observed in 108 (37.11%) individuals. There was a greater prevalence of ankyloglossia among males, with 57 cases (43.8%) against 51 cases (31.7%) in females. Age distribution was done after analyzing the hierarchical grouping, resulting in three age groups: 1- to 20-year-olds, 21- to 45-year-olds and 46- to 99-year-olds. Ankyloglossia was more prevalent in the youngest group, with 65 cases (40.6%). Conclusion: Although there is a high rate of ankyloglossia among the individuals who live in the Umutina Reservation, ankyloglossia does not seem responsible for the changes associated with phonation, mastication, presence of diastema and periodontal problems, since these changes were infrequent and generated no complaint.

Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Brazilian Indians from Umutina Reservation, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

UNLABELLED: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with periodontal disease, especially localized aggressive periodontitis, produces a potent leukotoxin and its distribution is influenced by ethnic characteristics of the population. OBJECTIVE: Using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, this study evaluated the occurrence of this microorganism and the distribution of leukotoxic strains isolated from Indians belonging to the Umutima Reservation, Mato Grosso, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight native Brazilians with gingivitis and 38 with chronic periodontitis, belonging to Umutina, Paresi, Bororo, Bakairi, Kayabi, Irantxe, Nambikwara and Terena ethnicities, were studied. Subgingival, supragingival and saliva samples of each patient were collected and transferred to VMGA III medium and to ultra pure Milli Q water. Bacteria were grown on TSBV agar and incubated in anaerobiosis (90% N2 + 10% CO2) at 37 degrees C for 72 h. The presence of the ltx promoter was determined by PCR, and a 530 bp deletion in the promoter was evaluated by using specific primers. RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 8.33% of saliva, supragingival and subgingival samples from patients with gingivitis and from 18.42% of saliva and supragingival biofilm, and 26.32% subgingival biofilm from patients with chronic periodontitis. By PCR, the bacterial DNA was detected in 8.33% of saliva, supragingival and subgingival biofilms from patients with gingivitis and from 23.68% of saliva, 28.95% supragingival biofilm and 34.21% subgingival biofilm from patients with periodontitis. All strains were grouped as non-JP2 clones based on the absence of deletion in the leukotoxin promoter. Differences among the microbial and clinical parameters in patients were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans can be related to the attachment loss in this population, but the presence of minimally leukotoxic strains, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of the periodontitis in these native Brazilians need to be further investigated.

Occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Brazilian indians from Umutina Reservation, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with periodontal disease, especially localized aggressive periodontitis, produces a potent leukotoxin and its distribution is influenced by ethnic characteristics of the population. Objective: Using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, this study evaluated the occurrence of this microorganism and the distribution of leukotoxic strains isolated from Indians belonging to the Umutima Reservation, Mato Grosso, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight native Brazilians with gingivitis and 38 with chronic periodontitis, belonging to Umutina, Paresi, Bororo, Bakairi, Kayabi, Irantxe, Nambikwara and Terena ethnicities, were studied. Subgingival, supragingival and saliva samples of each patient were collected and transferred to VMGA III medium and to ultra pure Milli Q water. Bacteria were grown on TSBV agar and incubated in anaerobiosis (90 percent N2 + 10 percent CO2) at 37ºC for 72 h. The presence of the ltx promoter was determined by PCR, and a 530 bp deletion in the promoter was evaluated by using specific primers. RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 8.33 percent of saliva, supragingival and subgingival samples from patients with gingivitis and from 18.42 percent of saliva and supragingival biofilm, and 26.32 percent subgingival biofilm from patients with chronic periodontitis. By PCR, the bacterial DNA was detected in 8.33 percent of saliva, supragingival and subgingival biofilms from patients with gingivitis and from 23.68 percent of saliva, 28.95 percent supragingival biofilm and 34.21 percent subgingival biofilm from patients with periodontitis. All strains were grouped as non-JP2 clones based on the absence of deletion in the leukotoxin promoter. Differences among the microbial and clinical parameters in patients were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans ...

Estudo das condições de saúde bucal e avaliação da microbiota periodontopatogênica de uma população indígena brasileira / Study of oral health conditions and evaluation of microbial periodontopathogen of a community native Brazilians

A região do complexo bucomaxilofacial freqüentemente é acometida por doenças e variações de normalidade, algumas das quais apresentam notável relação com grupos étnicos e raciais. Os estudos sobre a distribuição das doenças bucais e variações de normalidade em comunidades indígenas normalmente são direcionados principalmente para o estudo da cárie dentária nas crianças e doenças periodontais em adultos, negligenciando-se ampla gama de demais doenças existentes na boca. Assim, foi objetivo desse estudo, avaliar as condições de saúde bucal de oito etnias (Umutina, Paresi, Bororo, Bakairi, Kayabi, Irantxe, Nambikwara and Terena) que residem na terra indígena Umutina, no Estado de Mato Grosso. Um total de 291 índios, de ambos os sexos e com idade variando de 1 a 96 anos, foram examinados, sendo que alterações de normalidade ou patologias bucais foram observadas em um total de 132 indivíduos,evidenciando uma elevada ocorrência de anquiloglossia, a qual esteve presente em 108 casos (37,11%), seguida de glossite migratória benigna em 5 casos (1,72%); tórus mandibular e candidose em 3 casos (1,03%), dentre outras. Nenhuma lesão de caráter maligno foi identificada na referida população. Apesar da elevada freqüência de anquiloglossia na Reserva Indígena Umutina, a mesma não parece ser responsável por alterações associadas à fonação, mastigação, presença de diastema e problemas periodontais, uma vez que essas alterações foram observadas em baixa freqüência e não foram motivos de queixas da população. As condições dentárias foram avaliadas com o objetivo de identificar a prevalência de cárie dentária e necessidade de tratamento odontológico das crianças da aldeia Umutina, por meio de um estudo epidemiológico transversal. Para análise da cárie dentária foram utilizados: os índices de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD) para dentes decíduos e o índice de necessidade de tratamento. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através do programa GraphPad Prism...

The oromaxillofacial complex is frequently envolved by diseases and variations from normality, some of which closely related to ethnical and racial groups. Studies on the distribution of oral diseases and variations from normality in Indian communities are generally directed mainly to the study of dental caries in the children and periodontal diseases in the adults, disregarding a wide range of other oral diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health conditions of eight ethnic groups living in the Umutina Indian Reservation, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The total of 291 Indians, of both generes, with ages ranging from 1 to 96 years, were examined and were found between them 132 abnormalities and/or oral diseases, evidencing a high occurrence of ankyloglossia, which was present in 108 cases (37.11%), followed by benign migratory glossitis in 5 cases (1.72%); mandibular torus and candidosis in 3 cases (1.03%) among others. No malign lesion was identified in that population. Even thought the high frequency of the ankyloglossia in the ethnicities living in the Umutina Indian reservation, it does not seem to be responsible for alterations associated to phonation, mastication, presence of diastema and periodontal problems, since those alterations were observed with a low frequency and were not reason for complaint from the population. The dental conditions were evaluated with the aim to identify the prevalence of dental caries and the need of dental treatment in children from Umutina Village using a transversal epidemiological study. To analyze dental caries prevalence the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) or decayed, extracted, and filled teeth (deft) indexes were used for, respectively, permanent or primary dentition and the need of treatment index. Statistical analysis was done with the software GraphPad Prism. The Mann Whitney analysis was used with significance level of 5%. The deft and DMFT indexes for children between...

Estudo das condições de saúde bucal e avaliação da microbiota periodontopatogênica de uma população indígena brasileira / Study of oral health conditions and evaluation of microbial periodontopathogen of a community native brazilians

A região do complexo bucomaxilofacial freqüentemente é acometida por doenças e variações de normalidade, algumas das quais apresentam notável relação com grupos étnicos e raciais. Os estudos sobre a distribuição das doenças bucais e variações de normalidade em comunidades indígenas normalmente são direcionados principalmente para o estudo da cárie dentária nas crianças e doenças periodontais em adultos, negligenciando-se ampla gama de demais doenças existentes na boca. Assim, foi objetivo desse estudo, avaliar as condições de saúde bucal de oito etnias (Umutina, Paresi, Bororo, Bakairi, Kayabi, Irantxe, Nambikwara and Terena) que residem na terra indígena Umutina, no Estado de Mato Grosso. Um total de 291 índios, de ambos os sexos e com idade variando de 1 a 96 anos, foram examinados, sendo que alterações de normalidade ou patologias bucais foram observadas em um total de 132 indivíduos,evidenciando uma elevada ocorrência de anquiloglossia, a qual esteve presente em 108 casos (37,11%), seguida de glossite migratória benigna em 5 casos (1,72%); tórus mandibular e candidose em 3 casos (1,03%), dentre outras. Nenhuma lesão de caráter maligno foi identificada na referida população. Apesar da elevada freqüência de anquiloglossia na Reserva Indígena Umutina, a mesma não parece ser responsável por alterações associadas à fonação, mastigação, presença de diastema e problemas periodontais, uma vez que essas alterações foram observadas em baixa freqüência e não foram motivos de queixas da população. As condições dentárias foram avaliadas com o objetivo de identificar a prevalência de cárie dentária e necessidade de tratamento odontológico das crianças da aldeia Umutina, por meio de um estudo epidemiológico transversal. Para análise da cárie dentária foram utilizados: os índices de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD) para dentes decíduos e o índice de necessidade de tratamento. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através do programa GraphPad Prism...

The oromaxillofacial complex is frequently envolved by diseases and variations from normality, some of which closely related to ethnical and racial groups. Studies on the distribution of oral diseases and variations from normality in Indian communities are generally directed mainly to the study of dental caries in the children and periodontal diseases in the adults, disregarding a wide range of other oral diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health conditions of eight ethnic groups living in the Umutina Indian Reservation, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The total of 291 Indians, of both generes, with ages ranging from 1 to 96 years, were examined and were found between them 132 abnormalities and/or oral diseases, evidencing a high occurrence of ankyloglossia, which was present in 108 cases (37.11%), followed by benign migratory glossitis in 5 cases (1.72%); mandibular torus and candidosis in 3 cases (1.03%) among others. No malign lesion was identified in that population. Even thought the high frequency of the ankyloglossia in the ethnicities living in the Umutina Indian reservation, it does not seem to be responsible for alterations associated to phonation, mastication, presence of diastema and periodontal problems, since those alterations were observed with a low frequency and were not reason for complaint from the population. The dental conditions were evaluated with the aim to identify the prevalence of dental caries and the need of dental treatment in children from Umutina Village using a transversal epidemiological study. To analyze dental caries prevalence the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) or decayed, extracted, and filled teeth (deft) indexes were used for, respectively, permanent or primary dentition and the need of treatment index. Statistical analysis was done with the software GraphPad Prism. The Mann Whitney analysis was used with significance level of 5%. The deft and DMFT indexes for children between...

Inter-relação cirurgião dentista e radiologista: sucesso no diagnóstico odontológico / Inter-relationship dentists and radiologists: success in the diagnosis odontologico

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação cirurgião-dentista e radiologista-odontólogo, visando à eficácia no atendimento ao paciente que necessita de exames por imagem para o diagnóstico e planejamento da conduta clínica. Os dados coletados de 176 questionários distribuídos a cirurgiões-dentistas, excluindo-se os radiologistas, foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente pelo programa Epi Info 6.04/2000. Dos profissionais entrevistados 54% tinham título de especialista, sendo as especialidades mais freqüentes dentística (23,3%) e ortodontia (17,5%). Quanto ao local de realização do exame radiográfico, 72,9% encaminham para centros especializados. A maioria dos entrevistados (70,7%) afirma possuir um bom relacionamento profissional com o radiologista. Existe um distanciamento dos cirurgiões-dentistas em relação à linguagem técnica utilizada no cotidiano do radiologista, sendo que a eficácia do exame radiográfico como auxiliar de diagnóstico pode ser maior quando existe uma adequada relação entre o profissional radiologista-odontólogo e os demais profissionais da classe odontológica.

The present study to objective to evaluated the professional relation between dentist and the odontological radiologist to the efficiency on treatment of patient who needs image for diagnostics exams to right clinical conduction. The final informations were obtained from a 176 questionnaires that were answered only by dentist surgeons. The radiologist was excluded of this study. These informations were statistically analyzed by Epi Info 6.04/2000 computer program. A total of 54% of the professionais has a specialist proficiency degree. The standart of proficiency more frequent was dentistry witer (23,3%) and orthodontia witer (17,5%). About the place that the radiographic exams were performed, 72,9% of the professionals refered to specialized sites. The most of the professionals (70,7%) informed that has a good professional relation with the radiologist. There is a distance on a technical language used daily by a radiologists and the dentist language. The effectiveness of the radiographic exam used as a way to greater the diagnosis could be better if the professional relation radiologist/dentist and the other professionals of the odontological class.